The lethal and physiological effects of some essential oils of medicinal plants and some chemical insecticides on the parasitoid wasp Habrobracon hebetor Say, under laboratory conditions

Asadi, Mohammad (2019) The lethal and physiological effects of some essential oils of medicinal plants and some chemical insecticides on the parasitoid wasp Habrobracon hebetor Say, under laboratory conditions. Doctoral thesis, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili.

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Abstract

Research aim: The aim for doing of this research was to investigate the toxicity of some essential oils of medicinal plants and some chemical and botanical insecticides and their effects on the demographic parameters, functional response and physiological characteristics of the parasitoid wasp, Habrobracon hebetor Say, under laboratory conditions. Research method: Rearing of H. hebetor female wasps were done on the larvae of Mediterranean flour moth in 26±2 °C, 60±5% RH and photopoeriod of 16:8 (L:D) h. Toxicity of selcted insecticides and essential oils were investigated by contact and fumigant methods. For studying the sublethal effects on the demographic parameters, functional response and physiological features of this biocontrol agent, the adults of parasitoid wasp firstly were exposed to LC30 of selected insecticides and essential oils for 24 h and the mentioned parameters were studied. Findings: The bioassay of selected insecticides and essential oils showed that among the insecticides, fenvalerate and among the essential oils, R. officinalis had higher lethal effects compared with the other treatments. Also, palizin and G. glabra essential oil had the lowest acute toxicity. The sublethal results also showed that survival rate, longevity, feundity, fertility, hatch rate and offsprings sex ratio and the other demographic parameters were decreased under treatment of selected insecticides and essential oils. The rm values for the control, fenvalerate (pyrethroid), propargite (acaricide), dayabon (insecticide-acaricide), palizin (soup, botanical oil, eucalyptus extract) and buprofezin (insect growth regulator) and essential oils of A. sativum, R. officinalis, P. nigrum, S.officinalis and G. glabra were obtained 0.274, 0.147, 0.183, 0.190, 0.240, 0.212, 0.153, 0.132, 0.207, 0.217 and 0.263, respectively. The results of functional reponse studies also showed that type of functional response in some treatments were changed compared with the control (type II); but, among the insecticides, palizin and dayabon and among the essential oils, G. glabra had the lowest negative effects on the functional response parameters (attack rate and handling time) of this parasitoid wasp. In comparision about the effects of studied treatments on the activity of digestive enzymes in this ectoparasitoid wasp; dayabon and G. glabra essentil oils treatments had the highest and fenvalerate and A. sativum essential oil treatments showed the lowest amylolytic activity. About the protease enzyme; the highest enzyme activity were obtained in palizin and G. glabra essentil oil treatments and the lowest being in propargite and A. sativum essential oil. In additin, the treated wasps by buprofezin and S. officinalis essential oil had the highest and the treated wasps by propargite and A. sativum essential oils showed the lowest phenoloxidase activiy in E. kuehniella larvae. Conclusion: According to the results of this research, it can be concluded that among the different insecticides and essential oils, fenvalerate and essential oils of A. sativum and R. officinalis had the highest harmful effects on this parasitoid wasp; but, palizin and dayabon insecticides and also S. officinalis and G. glabra essential oils due to the lowest negative effects on this parasitoid wasp can be combined with this important biocontrol agent in integrated pest management (IPM) programs.

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