Insecticidal and repellency effect of five essential oils and their integration with diatomaceous earth in control of saw toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.)

Ghafouripoor, Hawzhin (2019) Insecticidal and repellency effect of five essential oils and their integration with diatomaceous earth in control of saw toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.). Masters thesis, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili.

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Abstract

Research Aim: In this research, toxicity and repellent properties of five essential oils of Cinnamomum verum L., Artemisia annua L., Allium sativum L., Mentha pulegium L. and Vitex agnus L. and their combined effects with Sayan® DE formulation were studied on saw toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) in labrotatory condition. Research method: Experiments were performed in the incubator at 27 ± 2 °C, 65 ± 5% RH and continous darkness with four replications. The essential oils were extracted by distillation method using Clevenger apparatus. Mortality was evaluated to determine the insecticidal and repellency effects of essential oils after 24 h. Then, the insecticidal effect of essential oils was investigated with food and without food commodity. To study the effect of essential oils combined with diatomaceous earth (DE), different concentrations of DE (formulation of sayan) were mixed with nuts and infused in glass containers. Different concentrations of essential oils were sampled on filter paper with different doses of DE and then 15 adult insects were added. Mortality of O. surinamensis was recorded 24 and 72 h after treatment. GC-mass technique was used to identify essential oil components. Findings: Results indicated that the toxicity of the essential oils was reduced in the presence of food grains. Result of respiratory toxicity showed that the essential oil of A. sativum and M. pulegium had high insecticidal activity against O. surinamensis. The LC50 of these essential oils was 10.32 and 25.88 ml/L, respectively. In the study of DE toxicity on the tested adult insect, the LC50 value was 86.76 mg/kg. The highest repellency was observed for A. annua and the lowest for M. pulegium. The combination of DE with essential oils of V. agnus, A. sativum and M. pulegium increased insecticidal effect and essential oils of C. verum and A. annua reduced insecticidal effect. Conclusion: According to the results, it can be stated that the combination of essential oils of M. pulegium, V. agnus and A. sativum with DE can be used to reduce the populations of O. surinamensis. This study also showed that the essential oils of A. annua and C. verum have a great repellent effect on O. surinamensis.

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