Identification of fungi associated with dieback and decline of hazelnut trees (Corylus avellana) in Fandoghlu forest/Namin

ghasemi doodaran, Soghra (2020) Identification of fungi associated with dieback and decline of hazelnut trees (Corylus avellana) in Fandoghlu forest/Namin. Masters thesis, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili.

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Abstract

Research Aim: Forests are among the most important natural habitats due to their biodiversity and ecological functions. Fandoglou forest of Namin is considered as the largest and most important genetic resource of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) in Iran, and hazelnut is one of the most important dried fruits in the world. Dying and decline diseases of hazelnut trees are the most threatening factors of Namin forest. The purpose of this study was to identify the fungi associated with the decline and drying of hazelnut trees in the Fandoglou Namin forest based on morphological data. Research method: For this purpose, samples from the root, crown, branch, twigs and leaf parts of hazelnut trees and seedlings showing symptoms of dying, declining, hypotrophy, chlorotic canopy, rot, necrosis and canker symptoms, were collected during summer and autumn of 2018 and 2019. During this study, 141 samples collected from different areas of Fandoglou forest. For isolation of fungi, samples were cultured on malt agar extract (MEA) or potato dextrose agar (PDA). Purification of fungal isolates was performed using hyphal tip or single spore methods. In total, 383 fungal isolates were obtained that were identified using the morphological characters. Findings: In this study, 30 genus and 43 fungal species identified including: Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. acutatum F. crookwellense, Fusarium. thapsinum, F. verticillioides, F. tricinctum ، F. semitectum, Cylindrocarpon sp., Phoma sp., Phomopsis cf. eres, Microsphaeropsis sp., Glomerella cingulata, Pestalotiopsis cf. colombiensis, Bipolaris sp., Nodulisporium sp., Preussia bipartis, Alternaria alternata, A. atra, A. turkisafria, Arthrinium marii, Chaetomium pseudocochliodes, Dichotomopilus pseudofunicola, Cladosporium cf. halotolerans, Clonostachys rosea, Gelasinospora calospora, Hypoxylon cf. flavoargillaceum, Collariella cf. virescens, Mamianiella coryli, Phyllactinia guttata, Erysiphe corylacearum Braun, Epicoccum nigrum, Nigrospora oryzae, Rosillinia sp., Mycogone sp., Tricoderma sp. Conclusion: Among the identified fungi, Fusarium, Alternaria and Tricoderma were the most abundant. In this study, the genus Fusarium was the dominant group with 28 percent frequency .Current study reports Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. acutatum, F. crookwellense, F. thapsinum, F.verticillioides, F. tricinctum, Microsphaeropsis sp., Pestalotiopsis cf. colombiensis, Bipolaris sp., Preussia bipartis, Alternaria atra, A. turkisafria, Arthrinium marii, Chaetomium pseudocochliodes, Dichotomopilus pseudofunicola, Cladosporium cf. halotolerans, Clonostachys rosea, Gelasinospora calospora, Hypoxylon cf. flavoargillaceum, Collariella cf. virescens, Nigrospora oryzae and Tricoderma genus from the hazelnut trees for the first time in the world. Report on genera of Cylindrocarpon, Phoma and species Phomopsis cf. eres, Epicoccum nigrum is a hazelnut host for the new Iran. The report of Preussia bipartis, Phomopsis cf. eres, Pestalotiopsis cf. colombiensis, Gelasinospora calospora, Dichotomopilus pseudofunicola, Collariella cf. virescens and Chaetomium pseudocochliodes are new for the mycobiota of Iran. Knowledge of the fungi associated with decline of forest trees may greatly contribute to the management of disease.

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