The peripheral and centeral effects of genistein on nutritional behaviour of feed deprived broiler chickens

Rostamnejad, Masoumeh (2017) The peripheral and centeral effects of genistein on nutritional behaviour of feed deprived broiler chickens. Masters thesis, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili.

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Text (اثرات محیطی و مرکزی جنیستئین بر رفتار تغذیه¬ای جوجه¬های گوشتی تحت محرومیت غذایی) Masoumeh Rostamnejad.pdf Download (1MB) | Preview

Abstract

Soybean meal is the most important source of dietary crude protein for commercial poultry and therefore these poultry are constantly exposed to its estrogenic compounds, isoflavones. Due to the fact that mechanism action of these components on water and feed intake is remains unknown, thus this study was conducted to study the central and peripheral effects of Genistein, the main isoflavone of soya, on feed and water intake of broiler chickens and its mechanism of action under feed and water deprivation. A total of 30 Ross 308 surgical operated male broiler chickens were used. The chickens were reared up to 20 days of age under standard conditions. Then on day 21 they were anaesthetized intramuscularly with ketamine (30 mg/kg) and xylazine (1 mg/kg). Following head fixation, a 23-gauge thin-walled stainless steel guide cannula was stereotaxically implanted into the right lateral cerebral ventricle. The cannula was fixed using three screws of stainless steel glasses and dental cement in the skull. At the end of operation, OTC was used topically on the surgical site and 0.5 cc Lincospectin was injected subcutaneously. Then the birds were allowed 7 days recovery. In the first experiment, at 38 days of age, the chickens were deprived of water and feed for 6 hours. Then the treatments including a control (without injection), sham control (solvent; 10% dimethyl sulfoxide in saline buffer) and 0.5, 1 and 2 µg Genistein per kg of bird’s body weight were injected into intracerebroventricular (ICV) via implanted cannula. After injection, the birds were moved to the cages and were free access to fresh feed and water. Then, the cumulative feed and water were measured at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min after injection. In the second experiment at 42 days, different doses of Genistein (0.5, 1 and 2 milligrams of Genistein per kg of bird body weight) were injected intraperitoneally and feed and water intake were measured as mentioned previously. In order to investigate the relationship between Genistein and the histaminergic system, at 47 day of age in third experiment Chlorpheniramine was used and different treatments after ten min following the first injection as saline+saline (sham control), saline+Genistein, Chlorpheniramine+saline and Chlorpheniramine+Genistein were injected into ICV and cumulative feed and water intake were recorded as mentioned above. The results of the first experiment showed that compared with control and sham control, ICV injection of 2 µg Genistein significantly (p<0.05) reduced cumulative feed intake in all times, while 1 µg Genistein significantly (p<0.05) reduced the cumulative feed intake at 30, 90 and 120 min post- injection. Feed intake was not affected by 0.5 µg Genistein. In overall, the cumulative feed intake of chickens was linearly declined by increasing the level of injected Genistein. The injection of 2 µg Genistein significantly (p<0.05) decreased cumulative water intake 30 min post- injection compared with control and sham control. The effect of Genistein was seen up to 60 min post-injection. According to the results of the second experiment, intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 0.5 and 1 mg Genistein, compared with control and sham control, significantly (p<0.05) reduced cumulative feed intake at 30 and 60 min post- injection, while 2 mg Genistein significantly (p<0.05) reduced the cumulative feed intake at 30 min after injection. Cumulative water intake, by IP injection of 2 mg Genistein was significantly (p<0.05) increased after 60 (compared with sham control) and 120 (compared with control and sham control) min post- injection. The results of third experiment showed that cumulative feed intake was significantly (p<0.05) decreased by ICV injection of Chlorpheniramine, Genistein and Chlorpheniramine plus Genistein. ICV injection of Chlorpheniramine and Chlorpheniramine plus Genistein did not significantly affect cumulative water intake. It can be concluded that ICV injection of incremental levels of Genistein reduces cumulative feed and water intake in male broiler chicks. These results are probably due to the effect of Genistein on central melanocortin system in feed intake section and vasopressin secretion in water intake section. Also, the peripheral injection of Genistein decreases feed intake while increases water intake. An increase observed in water intake may be due to renal agents and an effect on the renin-angiotensin system. Keywords: Broiler chickens, Cumulative feed and water intake, Genistein, Histaminergic system, Intracerebroventricular injection, Intraperitoneal injection.

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