Comparative evaluation of toxic effects of carboxin and thiram on chicken embryo

مهدي, اميري¬کيا and دکتر صابر, زهري and دکتر هوشنگ, رفيعي دستجردي (2009) Comparative evaluation of toxic effects of carboxin and thiram on chicken embryo. Masters thesis, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili.

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Abstract

addition to industry agriculture (agro-chemical substance) is counted pollutant source. In this study fertile eggs were injected into yolk sac by Hamilton syringe prior to incubation. At day 19 of incubation, the embryos were harvested and weighed. in order to detect any skeletal malformation, alizarin red staining method was used. To study cytotoxicity effects of these compound, liver cell were cultured in RPMI medium and were exposed to different concentrations. Results showed carboxin injection into yolk sac prior to incubation at concentration of 20, 100, 200 and 400 µg/egg caused a significant increase in mortality. Examination of skeleton by alizarin red staining at 19 day of incubation showed skeletal malformation in leg bones, retardation of ossification and absence of caudal vertebrate and clubfoot. For evaluation of teratogenity and toxicity of thiram administration of 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 µg/egg were performanced via injection into yolk sac. The results showed that mortality of the embryos were increased as dose manner. also examination by alizarin red staining at 19 day of incubation only showed clubfoot, growth retardation and waved pubis. Moreover cytotoxicity of carboxin and thiram were evaluated on liver cell culture. the culture were treated using 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 µg/ml of carboxin and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5 and 5 µg/ml of thiram. Viability of the cells were measured by formazon reduction assay. The results showed that the viability of both thiram and carboxin treated liver cells significantly decreased in dose manner. Examination by invert microscope indicated considerably changes in cells shape and disruption of inter cellular-connection.

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