Influence of seed inoculation with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), nano Fe - Zn oxide and foliar application on yield and some morpho-physiological traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under salinity and water limitation condition

Babaei, Khadijeh (2017) Influence of seed inoculation with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), nano Fe - Zn oxide and foliar application on yield and some morpho-physiological traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under salinity and water limitation condition. Doctoral thesis, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili.

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Text (تاثیر تلقیح بذر با باکتری¬های محرک رشد، محلول پاشی با نانو اکسید آهن و روی بر عملکرد و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک گندم در شرایط شوری و محدودیت آبی) Khadijeh Babaei.pdf Download (499kB) | Preview

Abstract

Greenhouse Experiment In order to evaluate the effects of nano Zn-Fe oxide and seed inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on yield and some morpho-physiological traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under salinity stress, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at research green house of faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2015. Treatments were included soil salinity in three levels [no-salt (S1) or control, salinity 25 (S2), and 50 (S3) as NaCl], seed inoculation by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in four bio fertilizers levels [(no inoculation (F1), seed inoculation by Azotobacter chrocoocum strain 5 (F2), Azosperilium lipoferum strain OF (F3), Pseudomonas putida strain 186 (F4)] and foliar application in four levels [without foliar application (N1), foliar application of nano Zn oxide (N2), nano Fe oxide (N3) and nano Fe-Zn oxide (N4)]. Means comparison showed that maximum of yield, total biomass, leaf area index, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll index and grain filling componenets (maximum of grain weight, grain filling rate, grain filling period and effectie grain filling period), values of maximum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and relative water content (RWC) were obtained in no salinity and application of Pseudomonas and nano oxide as N4. The minimum of these traits were obtained in the highest salinity level, no inoculation and nano oxide (F1N1). Interaction effect between salinity and PGPR showed that the highest activity of CAT, POD and PPO were obtained in the highest salinity level and application of bio fertilizer as F4 and the least activity of these enzymes were obtained in S1F1. The highest of CAT and PPO activity was observed in salinity of 50 mM, foliar application of nano oxide as N4 . The lowest of them was obtained at no salinity, application of nano oxide as N1.The highest RWC was obtained at no salinity condition and PGPR application as F4 (S1F4). The highest EC were observed in the highest salinity level and no application of PGPR and nano oxide. The highest content of proline and soluble sugars was obtained in salinity of 50 mM and application of PGPR as F4. But the minimum of the mentioned osmolytes was observed in control treatment (S0 and F0).The highest grain yield (2.68 g per plant) was obtained in no salinity and PGPR application as N4. But the minimum yield (1.87 g per plant) was obtained in the highest salinity level and without application of PGPR. On the other hand, in the highest salinity level, nano Zn oxide, nano Fe oxide and nano Zn and Fe oxide increased yield by 2.71, 2.17 and 17.39% in comparison with control. Field experiment In order to study of the effect of nano Zn-Fe oxide and seed inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on yield and some morpho-physiological traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under water limitation condition, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2014. The experimental factors were included: irrigation in three levels (full irrigation as control, irrigation to 50% of heading and booting stages equivalent of 50 and 60 code of Zadox respectively), seed inoculation with PGPR in four levels (non-inoculation, inoculation with Azotobacter chrocoocum strain 5, Azosperilium lipoferum strain OF, Pseudomonasputida strain 186) and foliar application in four levels (non-foliar application and foliar application of nano iron oxide, nano zinc oxide and nano zinc oxide+ nano iron oxide). Means comparison showed that the highest grain yield, total biomass, leaf area index, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and grain filling components were obtained at application of Azotobacter, nano Zn-Fe oxide and full irrigation. The minimum of these traits were obtained in no-inoculation, no-foliar application of nano oxide and irrigation to 50% of booting stage. Water limitation decreased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid and yield of wheat. Whereas, soluble sugars and proline content, the activity of Catalase, Peroxidase , Polyphenol Oxidase enzymes were increased. However inoculation of plants with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and nano Zn-Fe oxide application improved these traits under water limitation condition and normal irrigation. irrigation withholding at 50% booting and heading stages decreased 65.8 % and 31.6 % of grain yield respectively, but the both application of bio-fertilizers and nano Zn-Fe oxide were able to compensate 50.7% and 41% of this reduction respectively.

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