The Effect of competitive abillity of 25 wheat cultivar on weed at natural condition

Mozaffari Gahraz, Seiiede Maryam (2017) The Effect of competitive abillity of 25 wheat cultivar on weed at natural condition. Masters thesis, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili.

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Text (مطالعه توانایی رقابتی 25 رقم گندم با علف¬های هرز در شرایط طبیعی) Seiiede Maryam Mozaffari Gahraz.pdf Download (1MB) | Preview

Abstract

Studying the competitive ability of crop varieties with weeds has a great importance in non-chemical weed management. This experiment was conducted to study the competitive ability of 25 wheat cultivars with weeds under natural conditions and to identify tolerant and competitive wheat cultivars for use in breeding cultivars with high competitive ability with weeds in the agricultural research farm of the faculty of agriculture and natural resources of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili at 2015-2016. For this purpose, 25 wheat cultivars (Sirvan, Pishgam, Pishtas, Parsi, Sevand, Mahdavi, Chamran, Behrang, Shabrang, Alvand, Bam, Syson, Zareh, Back Cross Rooshan, Urum, Shiraz, Heydari, Aria, Marvdasht, Kosgogenes, Mihan, Bahar, Arg, Ofogh and Narin) were tilled in November 2015. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results of the experiment showed that Zareh, Mahdavi, Urum and Mihan cultivars had the highest and Aria, Behrang, Bahar and Shiraz cultivars had the least dry weight at the early stages of growth. The wheat varieties cover varied from 18 to 60 percent at this stage. In the tillering stage, height of wheat cultivars varied from 26.6 cm in Urum to 36.2 cm in Heydari cultivar. The effect of weed competition on the cultivars height was not constant. The results showed that the differences in density and weed dry weight in different cultivars were more than 2 and 3 times, respectively. By increasing the height, the cover and the dry weight of the cultivars, the weed dry weight decreased. In non-competition conditions, among the studied cultivars Zareh variety was superior to other cultivars in number of spikes per unit area. The Narin variety with 425/33 spikes also had the lowest number of spikes per unit area. The results showed that the cultivars had a significant difference in grain number per spike. Urum, Heydari, Bahar and Chamran cultivars produced more than 30 seeds per spike, while Bam, Sirvan and Behrang cultivars had the least number of seeds per spike with less than 20 seeds per spike. In both conditions, Urum and Sirvan cultivars had the highest and lowest number of seeds per spike respectively. The results showed that competition of weeds reduced the yield of wheat cultivars by between 68-3%. Comparison of competition index and tolerance of cultivars showed that Mahdavi, Zareh, Sevand and Kosgogenes cultivars were highly competitive. In contrast, Shabrang, Urum, Shiraz, Bahar, Heydari, Chamran, Aria, Saysun and Sirvan cultivars had a high sensitivity to weed competition. In ranking of cultivars based on all studied traits, it was determined that Sevand cultivar was ranked in group A and was superior to all studied traits. This cultivar had the lowest yield loss and highest grain yield in both conditions with and without competition. The findings of this research can be used in breeding programs and non-chemical weeds management in sustainable agricultural systems.

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